A cat’s breath won’t ever smell minty fresh, and a slight “fishy” or food smell is normal. But strong, unpleasant breath (halitosis) usually means something is wrong, most often with your cat’s teeth and gums. Here are the common causes and how to keep your cat’s mouth healthy.
Common Causes of Bad Breath in Cats
- Dental disease is by far the most common cause. Plaque and tartar build up on the teeth, bacteria multiply, and the gums become inflamed. Most cats over three years old have some degree of dental disease. Read more about gingivitis and cat teeth.
- Mouth problems, such as ulcers, inflammation of the mouth (stomatitis), broken or infected teeth, or something stuck in the mouth.
- Diet: some foods and treats, especially fish-based ones, can make breath smell stronger.
- Kidney disease, which can give the breath an ammonia-like or urine-like smell. It’s common in older cats.
- Diabetes, which can occasionally give the breath a sweet or fruity smell. This needs urgent attention.
- Liver disease, which can cause a very unpleasant smell, sometimes with yellow gums or eyes.
- Respiratory infections and nasal problems.
- Growths in the mouth, more common in older cats.
When to See the Vet
Persistent bad breath is a reason to see your vet. Make an appointment soon if your cat also:
- has red, swollen or bleeding gums, or brown tartar on the teeth;
- drools, paws at its mouth, drops food or chews on one side (read more about drooling in cats);
- is eating less or losing weight;
- is drinking and peeing more than usual;
- has a sweet, fruity or ammonia-like smell to its breath;
- has yellow gums or eyes, or seems lethargic or unwell.
Your vet will examine your cat’s mouth and may recommend blood tests to check for kidney disease, diabetes or other problems. If dental disease is the cause, your vet may recommend a dental cleaning under anesthesia, sometimes with treatment or removal of painful teeth.
How to Keep Your Cat’s Breath Fresh
- Brush your cat’s teeth, ideally every day, using a soft pet toothbrush or finger brush and toothpaste made for cats. Never use human toothpaste, which can contain fluoride and xylitol.
- Use dental products with the VOHC seal (Veterinary Oral Health Council), such as dental treats, diets or water additives, which are proven to reduce plaque or tartar.
- Have your cat’s teeth checked by your vet at least once a year.
- Feed a complete, balanced diet, and limit strong-smelling treats.
Bad breath is usually a symptom, not a problem in itself. Breath fresheners, sprays and home remedies may mask the smell, but they won’t fix the cause. Only use oral care products designed for cats, and don’t use human mouthwash or products containing essential oils.
